Australia the Movie: Synopsis, History and Comparisons

In Australia, an aboriginal medicine man/witch doctor, King George was teaching a young aborigine named Nullah how to do various tasks in the Outback. When all of the sudden a group white men shoot King George with an arrow. Then, Nullah rides home on his horse to his home in Faraway Downs. He hears people coming and is scared that someone will take him away from his family, so he goes into hiding. However, the voices he hears and people he sees are Drover and Sarah. The property of Faraway Downs is Sarah’s and her husband’s. When Sarah goes into her property she finds that her husband has been killed and he is lying dead across a table. Because of this Sarah decides she wants to sell her property to the Carney Empire. However, if Faraway Downs is sold, the company will have a monopoly over the cattle business. Sarah soon finds out from Nullah that Carney is stealing her cattle and driving them across the river. Soon after she hears the news she fires Fletcher (the current driver for her cattle) and hires Drover to drive in their 1,500 cattle. They need 7 people in all to successfully drive them all in so, Sarah, Nullah, his mother and grandmother, and an aborigine named Magarri offer their help. They could still use one more person but no others are willing or capable. Then one morning the police appear at the house and are looking for Nullah and his mother who are hidden in the water tower. Sadly, his mother drowns in the tower because the tank filled up when one of the men used the faucet to cool down. Now Nullah is motherless so Sarah decides to give it a shot and raise him herself. She does not do a wonderful job of this because she does not have any children of her own. Fletcher creates a stampede by lighting the brush on fire and has the cows heading towards a cliff. Some fall off the cliff but many cows were saved because Nullah resorted to song and magic to stop the cattle. Fletcher is attempting to hurt their cattle and destroy their plans on saving Faraway Downs by killing cattle, burning items and poisoning waterholes. At a ball Carney attempts to convince Sarah to sell Faraway Downs to him. However, she refuses and tells him that it is no longer for sale. A few days later Fletcher pushes Carney into water where an alligator attacked and killed him. Also, Nullah goes missing. But Drover believes he is safe and protected by King George. Unfortunately they are not safe and are caught by the police where Nullah is sent to the mission and King George is put in jail. There is a treat of war in the city of Darwin so the town is being evacuated. Sarah searches for Nullah and can hear his singing but cannot find him. He is being sent to another island to work on a mission. While Sarah is working at an Army radio headquarters Japanese planes bomb the headquarters and the building catches on fire. Also, the jail is hit and King George escapes. Drover thinks Sarah has died and rescues Nullah and the other children from the explosion on the island. Sarah survives the explosion and is reunited with her love, Drover and Nullah. Afterwards, they return safely to their farm and all survive the explosions and save their cattle from Carney and Fletcher. Australia History During the 1930’s Germany was expanding its territory and in 1939 they threatened to invade Poland. Germany decided to disobey Britain and France when they told Germany that they would declare war if Poland was invaded. The Australian people do not approve of the German expansion and because they are a British nation they were pulled into the war along with Britain (www. nzacday. org). Australia declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939 and joined the war in Europe to aid its Allies in the United Kingdom (www. worldwariihistory. com). Australia was forced to make a tough decision: to watch after homeland in case Japan attempted to expand its power, or send troops to aid England in the war. Because Japan pledged its neutrality and the British naval base in Singapore would stop any Japanese invasions towards Australia, they decided to commit itself to the European War. Australian troops were not prepared to fight and risk their lives in war. This caused he Royal Australian Navy to be put under British control. They began to train and recruit men and they helped the Royal Air Force in the war against Germany (www. anzacday. org). During 1940 and 1941 troops in Australia helped capture Bardia and Tobruk in Libya because they saw action in North Africa and the Middle East. Once Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and the war was brought closer to Australian homeland, Australia declared war on Japan. The most direct threat that Australia faced was New Guinea. Thankfully, the Americans held off a naval attack on Australia at the Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942. By the end of WWII, Australia has lost about 30,000 men and women (www. worldwariihistory. com). Also, the Indigenous people of Australia were driven out by the British and many were killed and driven out of their homes. The deaths of aborigines occurred because of the diseases spread by Europeans, the introduction of domestic animals destroyed many natural habitats and fighting in Tasmania. During the early 20th century laws were passed to segregate and protect aborigines. This caused restrictions on where they could live, and work. Families were also broken up (www. australianexplorer. com). Also, during WWII aborigines under the age of five were taken from their homes by white men and sent to live with white families. The British did this because the Australian government thought their race lacked a solid future. The children were never reunited with their families (http://history. howstuffworks. com). Unfortunately after WWII the British wanted to ‘Europeanize’ them. In this case all rights were taken away from the aborigines. During the 1960’s, the aborigines were given citizenship status but in 1972 they were given limited rights to their own land (www. australianexplorer. com). Australia Analysis During World War II in the 1930’s and 1940’s there are many similarities and differences in Australia the movie compared to the country’s real history. A similarity between history and Hollywood is that they both go into great detail on how horribly the British treated the aborigines of Australia. A difference between the two was how little detail the movie Australia went into when it came down to the war itself and its allies. Throughout the movie the director, Baz Luhrmann does not focus on the key points of the outcome of WWII, the disaster and hardship it put on Australia, and the effects on its people and cities. A similarity of the treatment of aborigines is that in the movie the aborigines were taken away from their families and homes. This was known as the Stolen Generation in Australia. During the movie they were sent away to work on missions on different islands and were rarely seen again by their families. Although this did occur in reality the children were mainly forcefully sent or tricked into living with a white family. The parents were sometimes unaware that their children were even still alive. The government would often tell them their child had died. Where in reality they are living with a white family so they have a chance at a better future. A difference between the movie Australia and reality is how little detail Baz Luhrmann displays on the actual war itself. Throughout the entire movie except for the end, the main idea is focused on cattle and the Stolen Generation. However during the end, WWII begins to take place and the movie displays the war aspect. It does not explain how the war began, the final result, or the results on Australian people. The war began in Germany because they tried to expand their territory into Poland. France and Britain declared war and because Australia was British territory they also joined in the fight. The movie did include when Japan attacked close to Australia at Pearl Harbor, which caused them to go to war against each other. By the end WWII Australia lost about 30,000 men and women.

A Business analysis in respect to Boots Essay

Boots will recruit staff for a number of reasons, which include: * The growth of the business * Changing roles within the business * Filling vacancies created by resignation, retirement or dismissal * Internal promotion The growth of the business When Boots grows in size it will probably need more people to carry out existing jobs and new jobs. When existing jobs are being expanded, human resource specialists simply need to copy existing practice on a larger scale. In creating new jobs more detailed thought is required; particularly if the jobs are quite different from those that already exist within the company. Changing job roles within the business In recent years most British businesses such as Boots have changed their job structure. In particular, the country has seen the decline of many routine, standardised jobs. Increasingly, employers have sought to develop new jobs involving information and communications technology, and which involve ground-level employees taking more responsibility for decision-making through empowerment. Developing new jobs requires considerable research, often by examining best practice in an industry or by looking at the development of new jobs in other countries. Filling vacancies created by resignation, retirement or dismissal In many organisations people move on and also employees in Boots move on as well. People get older, they hand in their notice or they are dismissed. In most cases it is necessary to replace the employee. However, the manager responsible for recruitment has to decide whether the firm wants a carbon copy of the previous job holder or whether the job has moved on, requiring new skills and competences. Internal promotion In Boots there will be opportunities for internal promotion. Internal promotion gives an employee something to aim for in the organisation, rather than looking elsewhere. When one person is promoted, it is often necessary to replace him or her. Getting the recruitment process right The recruitment process can be very costly. It takes a great deal of time to set up an effective recruitment process. This involves deciding on what the jobs that are to be recruited for will entail, advertising, sifting through applications, checking which applications best meet the criteria set down for the post, interviewing candidates and, finally, selecting the best candidate for the post. Waste and inefficiency can be very costly to any organisation. If Boots were to advertise a job for a retail assistant and managed to get 100 applicants, by sifting through the application forms they may be in danger of choosing the wrong employee. The personnel of Boots would probably cut the 100 applicant forms down to 10 by eliminating, from their point of view, the most unsuitable employees for the job. But by doing this Boots could eliminate the best applicant, therefore, it is possible that the personnel may have to do the whole process all over again if that the applicant they do choose for the job is unsuitable. Procedures for attracting and recruiting applicants An organisation’s most valuable resource is its workforce; managers therefore need to give careful thought to the needs of employees. The advantages of recruiting from within are as follows: * Considerable savings can be made. Individuals with inside knowledge of how the business operates will need shorter periods of training * Internal promotion acts as an incentive to all staff to work harder within the organisation. The disadvantages of recruiting from within are as follows: * You will have to replace the person who has been promoted * An insider may be less likely to make the essential criticisms required to get the company working more effectively. The Boots company strategy in recruiting employees The Boots Company offers recruitment programmes for general entrance, and schemes focused on school leavers and graduates. The company looks for various qualities in potential Boots employees. In addition to academic ability, we look for people with extra-curricular competencies such as interpersonal ability and team-working skills. In addition to the requirements of individual positions, the boot’s graduate scheme also requires applicants to fulfil three key criteria: * Leading the thinking See the big picture no matter how complex; offer and stimulate new ideas and turn complex issues into clear strategies. o When have you looked for and found solutions beyond the obvious? o How radical have you been? o In what ways have you challenged received wisdom? o When have you identified clear solutions to complex problems? o How do you manage ambiguity? o How logical are you in your approach? * Leading the pace Understand and focus on the important, drive to deliver better performance and be decisive in a crisis. o Can you prioritise, focusing on the important issues and dispensing with others? o Do you regularly achieve standards that you set and which are beyond those expected by others? o When do other rely upon you to make things happen? * Leading the team Act as a catalyst driving for results and restlessly seeking to win. o Do people enjoy working with you, do you create a buzz? o How do you influence others even when the cause looks lost? o Have you been able to get good results from difficult people? How did you manage it? The selection process Below are the most vital aspects that the HRM of Boots have to analyse when recruiting and selecting a sales assistant or any other employee in any other organisation: * Job Analysis * Job descriptions * Person Specification * Job advert * Letter of application * Curriculum Vitae * Interview * Job Evaluation Job Analysis This is the first stage for recruiting an employee. Information may be gathered by the managers of Boots by questioning the job holder or observing the job holder at work. The information gathered is carefully recorded and analysed. Further information might be obtained through discussions with the job holder’s manager or supervisor. The job analyst compiles a description of the main responsibilities of the job by asking: * What are the main tasks of the job and how often do they need to be completed? * Are any specialist technological skills required to do the job? * What mental processes are required to do the job? * Is the job holder required to take decisions and use initiative? * What are the limits of the job holder’s authority? * Is the output from the job a part or a whole? * Does the job holder have to work with others, or control the work of others? * What are the required performance standards and how are they measured? Job description When the job analyst has gathered all the information from the job analysis then he/she can put it into a summary report setting out what the job entails. This summary report is usually known as a job description. It contains two types of information; it describes the tasks of the job and it describes the behaviour necessary to actually do these tasks satisfactorily. A job description usually consists of: * Job title * General information * Position within the business * Job summary * Job content information * Purpose of tasks * Responsibilities * Working conditions An example of a job description can be found in the appendix. Person specification Sometimes known as a personnel profile – the person specification describes all of the attributes and skills required to do the job in hand to the satisfactory standards. For example, in Boots’ mission to require a part-time sales assistant, the HRM would need to specify clearly in the person specification whether or not the employee had to have special ICT qualifications in order to work a till. Job advert Job advertisements form an important part of the recruitment process. Boots is able to communicate job vacancies to a selected audience by this means. Most job adverts are written by the personnel department, task involving the same skill as marketing a product. Adverts must reach those people who have the qualities to fill the vacancy. The nature of the advert will depend on the following: * Who the target audience is – potential managing director, supervisor, operatives etc * Where the advert will be placed – on a noticeboard within the workplace, in the Financial Times, at the local job centre etc Job advertisements therefore take many forms, according to current requirements. Good adverts contain at least the following information: Job title: This should form the main heading, possibly in bold print. Job description: This should highlight the major requirements of the job in a concise format. Organisational activities and marketplace: There should be a brief description of the environment in which the organisation operates. Location: Applicants need to know the location of the organisation and the location of the job. Salary expectation: Figures are not always necessary, but an indication of the salary level should always be given. Address and contact: This should appear, with a telephone number if appropriate. Qualifications: Certain jobs require a minimum entrance qualification, which should be clearly stated. Experience: This should be quantified, as it will have a bearing on the expected salary level. Fringe benefits: The advertiser may wish to mention a company car, a health insurance scheme and so on. Organisational identity: This may be in the form of a logo (or simply the name of the organisation). A good job advert, while providing prospective candidates with helpful information, also helps to discourage applications from people who do not have the required qualifications for the job. The presentation of the advert is very important as it gives prospective employees a first impression of the organisation. Letter of application The title pretty much speaks for itself when describing what a letter of application is. Basically, a letter of application is a letter that an applicant would send to an organisation when interested in a job on offer. In this case, the applicants for the part-time sales assistant would send their letters to Boots after seeing the advert for the job. Along with the letter of application the employees would send their Curriculum Vitae (CV). An example of a letter of application can be found in the appendix. Curriculum Vitae A Curriculum Vitae (CV) shows a person’s achievements, hobbies, interests and past-times. A CV is a vital ingredient to recruiting the best employee – in this case the best part-time sales assistant. Below shows an example of a CV that could be sent with the letter of application to Boot’s HRM sent by an applicant enquiring about the job of a part-time sales assistant on offer. Once Boot’s HRM have evaluated the letter of application of the applicant they can decide whether or not he/she is suitable for the job. If they are then a letter of an invitation to an interview will be sent to him. If he/she isn’t then a letter of consolation is sent by Boots’ HRM. But in this case let’s say the applicant does qualify for an interview, this is the next stage of the recruitment process. An example of a CV can be found in the appendix. Interview Interview is the most vital stage of the recruitment process for Boots and the potential employee. This short time of contact with Boots can give the business representatives a lot of information about how the potential employee looks, behaves, talks and basically how well he or she comes across as a person. That’s why it is so important for the potential employee to dress appropriately and talk with confidence when answering any questions set to him/her by the interviewer(s). Most people have had at least one experience of being interviewed prior to employment. Few people enjoy interviews often this is because the interviewer comes across as being more interested in finding faults with you than finding out the good things. This is sometimes to see if the interviewee is sharp, intelligent and someone who can cope with pressure. Some of the interviewing techniques (used by the interviewer) will show which applicant is the most strong minded out of all the potential employees. For example, the interviewer may decide to ask the applicant to take a message from a person on the phone pretending to be a business consultant of the company or an upset customer. This sort of technique can indicate to the interviewer how well spoken or articulate the interviewee is, how well he/she copes under pressure and whether he/she deals with the â€Å"phone call† in the appropriate manner expected by the organisations standards. The personnel department of Boots is usually involved in interviewing, both in carrying them out and helping managers to adopt good interview practice. By following certain guidelines, the business hopes to employ the ‘right’ person for the job. It also aims to carry out the interview in a way that is fair to all candidates. These guidelines might include the following: The interview should allow information to be collected from candidates, which can be used to predict whether they can perform the job. This can be done by comparing replies with the criteria that successful applicants should have. Boots should give candidates full details about the job and the organisation. This will help them decide whether the job would suit them. The interview should be conducted so that the candidates can say that they have had a fair hearing. The interview, has however, been criticised as not always being an effective ‘tool’. Some of the main criticisms are: * Interviewers often decide to accept or reject a candidate within the first three or four minutes of the interview, and then spend the rest of the time finding evidence to confirm their decision. * Interviews seldom change the initial opinion formed by the interviewer seeing the application form and the appearance of the candidate. * Interviewers place more stress on evidence that is unfavourable than the evidence that is favourable. * When the interviewers have made up their minds on the candidate very early in the interview then their behaviour betrays their decision to the candidate. * The problems with these criticisms are that they do not solve the problems, only identify them. No matter what other means of selection there may be, the interview is crucial. If it is thought to be unreliable, it should not be discarded. Boots must simply make sure they carry it out properly. Carrying out the interview There are a number of factors, which would be taken into account when carrying out the interview. The interview should be conducted around a simple plan and be based on a number of questions against which all candidates will be assessed. It is also considered good practice to prepare suitable place for the interview, such as a warm, quiet, ventilated room. The interviewer should also ensure that the candidates have a friendly reception and are informed of what is expected of them. The average interview usually takes around thirty minutes. The interview plan organises the time to cover the important aspects in assessing applicants. The plan must be flexible enough to allow the interviewer to explore areas that may come up during the interview. Boots can follow a simple strategy of what the interviewer should do and what the interviewer shouldn’t do before and during the interview. The interviewer should always try and make the applicant comfortable by maybe asking him/her whether they had an easy journey to the building or whether they are warm enough in the interview room. This sort of behaviour can put the interviewee at ease in order of seeing the real side of them. Listed below are some of the things that an interviewer representing Boots should do: * Introduce yourself to the candidate * Adopt a suitable manner, show respect to the interviewee and be friendly * Make sure the interview is not interrupted * Conduct the interview at an unhurried pace * Have a list of questions that need to be asked * Encourage the candidate to talk by using ‘open’ questions such as; * â€Å"Tell me about your present or past job† * â€Å"Do you believe that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  * Concentrate on those areas not fully covered by the letter of application * Be alert for clues in the candidate’s answer, problem where necessary, and be more specific in the questioning if you are not satisfied * When the interview has ended, make sure the candidate ha no further questions and let the candidate know when the decision will be made * Write up your assessment notes as soon as the interview has finished whilst the information is still ‘fresh’ in your mind * Prepare for the next interview The interviewer will have gained a great deal of information from the interview. It will help the interviewer to have an interview assessment form so he/she can decide if that they suitable for the job. An interview assessment form can be found in the appendix. Job evaluation This is the part where Boots HRM will evaluate each and every one of the job applicants. It will evaluate how well the applicant spoke, dressed and came across in the job interview. Also letters of application and Curriculum Vitae’s (CVs) will be evaluated on how well the applicant can write and by looking at the CV the HRM can see which applicant has the best qualifications and most ideal interests, hobbies, and past-times for the job. Boots would be able to tell whether the chosen candidate for the job was the correct selection by assessing whether the company’s aim had been achieved. However, selection can be very costly to Boots. For example, if Boots were to send out application forms to candidates the cost of postage has to be paid for and Boots may have to pay for travel expenses for candidates’ journeys to interviews. Staff will also have to give up time to carry out the interviews. For example, if 10 people were interviewed for three posts by Boots, but only one applicant was suitable, selection may not have been effective. In this case Boots would have to re-advertise and interview other candidates as two posts would be unfilled. Boots’ Human resource department’s role would be to check all stages of selection to find out where problems had arisen. For example, when short-listing, a suitable candidate may have been ‘left out’. At an interview a possible candidate may have been rushed, so he/she was not given the chance to do their best. Legal factors It is now illegal for Boots or any other organisation to specify sex, marital status, colour, race, nationality or disability in any job advertisement. These laws were brought in by the government due to the Sex Discrimination Act (1975 and 1986), the Race Relations Act (1970), and the Disability Discrimination Act (1995). An Industrial Tribunal is available for people who feel that they have been discriminated against by any organisation, for example, during an interview. This Industrial Tribunal can award damages if it feels that a person has a fair case of being discriminated against by an organisation. Another â€Å"Act† that can be looked upon as discrimination by an organisation is the Equal Pay Act (1970). This implies that men and women must receive equal pay if the work that they do is the same or similar. Boots have always followed the laws of the Sex, Race Relations, Equal Pay, and Disability Discrimination Act’s so not to cause a confrontation between the company itself, the person(s) discriminated against and the Industrial Tribunal. They always deploy a system where by such discrimination acts are followed.

Bacevich, “Appetite for Destruction”

Bacevich argues that â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,† principles on which the American government were based, has always been associated with the desire to accumulate: territories, business markets, and precious resources. In the present day, for many Americans, this ideology equates with consumerism, and the consumerist/materialist/self-indulgent culture affects foreign policy. In the American conscience, expansion, abundance, and freedom have been inextricably linked.This linkage is most evident in the events and American’s economic and military status directly following World War II. The post-World War II expansion, however, reached a crisis point in the 60s with the Vietnam War, when America was transformed into an â€Å"Empire of Consumption. † Now, these three concepts are not related reciprocally: expansion is not leading to abundance. On the contrary, it is leading to scarcity. Bacevich argues that U. S.’s reliance on oil and pet roleum (and its dependence on foreign sources for this resource) has led it to stray from ethical foreign policy. This phenomenon was something that Carter recognized, but the American public was unwilling to admit that their primary threat was their own consumerist behavior (and not some outside threat). Reagan indulged the American public’s desire for instant gratification: oil consumption jumped considerably as did the size of the national debt, and savings dwindled as American’s borrowed more and more. The dependency on oil has made the U.S. dependent on Islamic lands, and Presidents have generally relied on military power to retain access to these necessary resources. In the aftermath of September 11, President Bush encouraged Americans to indulge their consumerism. Instead of advising them that saving might be prudent given that war costs money, Bush focused on preserving the American way of life. Because the American way of life has not been seen as a major prob lem, Americans now have expensive commitments in foreign lands and face dangers that they are poorly equipped to face.

Educational differences in public institutes and in private institute Literature review

Educational differences in public institutes and in private institute - Literature review Example Hein (2004) noted that at the inception of the education system all institutions were public institutions and there was only an option of private tuition for interested students, which was offered to them as remedial classes. However, due to sharp criticism mostly only the quality of public institution education there was emergence of private institutions, which evaded some State regulations but endured for quality education for its students (Heller, 2001). Particularly in the United Kingdom, private institutions were first established in the 19th century by the Roman Catholic parish as a counter attack to the alleged dominance of protestant religious ideas and politicians in the public institution system. It is due to this fact that most private institutions in the UK are Catholic owned (Wilson, 2013). Over the recent past, the numbers of private institutions both secondary and tertiary have sharply increased and this is attributed to the increased benefits that private institutions offer as compared to public institutions. This thesis statement for this literature review runs on the opinion that private institutions have higher education standards as compared to public institutions; secondly, the educational curriculum of private institutions is much wider compared to public institutions. Thirdly, private institutions are also well endowed with superior facilities unlike public institutions and lastly, private institutions have low student-teacher ratio as compared to public institutions (Lance, 2010). According to the figures from the United Kingdom’s Department of Education, they show that generally, private institutions perform better than public institutions, and this fact is substantiated by higher performance in national/common exams, whereby students from private institutions dominate the top spots. This asserts that private institutions offer higher education standards as compared to

Managing the United Kingdom Health Service Essay

Managing the United Kingdom Health Service - Essay Example This has been totally missing from the management at NHS. Management is can be defined both as art and science. It is the art of bringing out efficiency of people and making them more effective than they would have been with you. There are four basic pillars: plan, organize, direct, and monitor. The basic role of a manager is to make the staff more effective. Making them do work more efficiently than they are doing presently. If you add value to your staff's work, you are a successful manager. However, in NHS, managers are mere implementers who have no active decision making power. They merely implement the rules and regulations dictated by the Government. There is no way that they can add value to their or their staff's work. The managers at NHS feel that their role is unrecognised by patients, colleagues, the public and the government. Managers at NHS have less autonomy and less involvement in key decision making than their staff assume. And they are subjected to increasing control. Without a plan you will never succeed. If you happen to make it to the goal, it will have been by luck or chance and is not repeatable. You may make it as a flash-in-the-pan, an overnight sensation, but you will never have the record of accomplishment of accomplishments of which success is made. This important element of effective management is missing at NHS. Infact the organisation lacks serious planning and focus. As a result, the quality of services has been detortiating and ultimately the managers are planned by both government as well as public for inefficient services even though they have no power to run the organisation with a vision of their own. A study reveal that the notion of management had become divorced from clinical practice, even though many managers were doctors or nurses who had taken on the role to try to make a difference. To them, what was now called management was just an extension of the profession. Organize Organising and priortising work to ensure smooth, timely as well as quality deliveries and services form the core of good management. The lack of proper management results in poor organisation and prioritisation of work at NHS. Direct Directing your subordinates not as you are directing them but as if you are guiding them how to perform their specific job role. I like to think of this part like conducting an orchestra. Everyone in the orchestra has the music in front of them. They know which section is playing which piece and when. Now you need only to tap the podium lightly with your

Wellness plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Informative Paper on Islam People Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Informative on Islam People - Research Paper Example Islam is not just a religion; in fact, it is a complete way of life which teaches Muslims peace, mercy and forgiveness (Mawdudi 1975). Islam is a relatively new religion as compared to the other religions of the world. Muslims believe that the Holy Prophet was the last prophet and there were many before him starting from Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and many more. The Holy Prophet was born in Makah and became the prophet at the age of 40. He was a pious man who had to face many persecutions in order to propagate the word of god. He faced persecutions because Islam taught equality amongst all and people of Makah were not willing to accept that. During his life, he propagated Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula and beyond. He led his life by example. Today’s Muslims try to follow the footsteps of the Holy Prophet, which is called the Sunnah. They try to live their lives like him in order succeed in the world hereafter. Hadith, the sayings of the Holy Prophet, also provid es Muslims with guidance for how to go about different endeavors. Religions are dogmatic in nature and Islam provides a complete guideline for how to go about our lives in the form of the Holy Quran, Sunnah and Hadith (Understanding Islam and Muslims). Muslims believe that the Holy Quran is the word of the Almighty Allah himself. ... mplete code of life as instructed by Allah and serves as an authentic guideline to Muslims when in need of guidance for economic system, just system, and proper human conduct, therefore, Muslims hold the Holy Quran in the highest regard. Every religion has some basic principles, in Islam; they are called the 5 pillars of Islam. Every Muslim must abide by these principles in order to be a proper Muslims. Firstly, the Shahadah, a person must recite and accept this in order to become a Muslim. It shows that person has submitted to the Almighty Allah. Second, Salat (prayer), all Muslims are to pray to god five times a day in order to get forgiveness and get close to Him. There is no hierarchical order in Islam so a learned person, the Imam, leads the congregational prayers. Third, Zakat (alms giving), all Muslims must give 2.5% of their income to the needy. By doing so, one purifies one’s income and has great benefits for the society as well. Fourth, Saum (fasting), every Muslim m ust fast in the month of Ramadan; it helps one become more resilient and also realize what the less privileged suffer from. Fifth, Hajj (pilgrimage), during the month of Ramadan, Muslims from all over the world travel to Makah to perform the hajj ceremony. This is only obligatory if the person is able to afford the trip. Muslims must perform these obligations to become true Muslims (Understanding Islam and Muslims). There are 1.57 billion Muslims of all ages in the world today which is about 23% of the global population. Muslims are divided into 2 major sects: Shiites and Sunnis. Even though their prayer practices are different, but their belief is still the same and worship Allah (Comparison Chart: Christianity and Islam). Islam and Christianity are the two most populous religions in the world.

Human Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human Nature - Essay Example On the other side, the USA marines want to attack the Japanese while on they are on the island and drive them into the sea (William 497). The USA marines and Japanese have similar plans, but the results are different, eventually the USA wins. This helps answer the question, because according to William Manchester, humans in the community are close and helpful together, it is difficult to know the enemies. Humans in nature have hatred, and they result to destruction. Further, human nature is, considering thoughts that go around the human mind, mostly being thoughts to cause destruction as studied and written by expert writers. Hoagland considers experiences involving suicide; he explains that men as compared to women are vulnerable to suicidal thoughts, as suicide helps men avoid life and the harshness that life offers. Arrogance and competition among men make them think of committing suicide; otherwise the same men are always holding their emotions back and taking pretence that suicidal thoughts are not running through their mind. Hence shows that humans in nature strive so hard to do destruction, and then when back to their being, strive harder to take them back and take pretence that they have no detrimental thoughts (Edward 507). From lessons of World War II, nations of the world still strive so hard to make weapons that are destructive to human beings, but their human nature tells them that it is the right thing to do. In accordance to Hoagland, as human beings get old, the more the pressure in life, thus opting to commit suicide, surprisingly with the same weapons they struggled so hard to make. Thus on bases of the two readings, human nature involves always striving to cause destruction to their own kind. Thus, forming a thesis on the human nature from the objective point, of which it is ending hope, is the filling of unifying

Leading and Managing in Early Years Settings Assignment

Leading and Managing in Early Years Settings - Assignment Example In this case, through effective education, the leaders have a direct impact on the general quality of the setting. All practitioners working with the young children have a responsibility of developing the communication skills for the children. Whether the practitioners work pre-school setting, in the playgroup or with the toddlers, they have a key role in ensuring that they develop the children to their full potential. Besides, effective learning affects feelings and behavior of the children and, therefore it is vital in the early years setting to ensure friendly communication. The leaders and managers ensure quality practices of the setting by putting in place an example regarding how the staff interacts with the children they teach and care for. The interaction between the staffs and the children that they teach helps in securing high-quality teaching and learning. Children and staff are in the most effective early years setting with an inclusive, warm and trusting relationship. Be sides, the emotional well-being and development of the children are also other vital ingredients in the setting. According to Rodd, effective learning strategies in the early year setting helps in the identification of the communication difficulties that exist between various children. Investigations have showed that most of the students that are prone to these difficulties are those that start schools with delayed skills in language because of lack of responsive parenting.

Critical Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical Writing - Essay Example programs coordinator at the graduate center in New York and commendably contributed to the success of Luso-Brazilian and Hispanic Literatures in the university. She has conducted several studies to investigate how foreign students are affected by the American education system, predominantly the challenge of coping up with a new educational culture and language. The authors pinpoint that bilingual education started receiving widespread support in the USA in late 1960s. The upsurge in number of students coming from Puerto Rico and Mexico and the wave of civil rights movement instigated the government to provide additional funding for educational programs to facilitate knowledge acquisition through English. Several acts such as ESEA (elementary and secondary education act) were formulated and implemented to force government and institutions to prepare bilingual teachers who will aid in the facilitating success of the educational programs (Bartlett & GarciÃŒ a, 2007). In 1974, the Bilingual Education Act constricted the goal of bilingual education to Transitional Bilingual Education where students received thorough instructions through English, implying that not only limited English speakers were to learn the language but the entire student fraternity. However, for the first 3 years, content was delivered in English as students prepared to start sedate English classes. In 1990, Americans started disapproving the use of educational resources to teach in other languages other English. Americans perceived phonological proficiency in English as an emblem of unity and fidelity to the state, and started demanding that immigrants drop their native languages and espouse into the American community by learning English. The high rate of Latino drop outs and their failure to be intellectually competitive was blamed on bilingual education, further arguing that it led to discrimination of English learners within schools. Currently,

Obesity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Obesity - Research Paper Example There are various studies, which have been conducted on obesity. One of such studies has been conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). According to their study, obesity is associated with a poor quality of life. The quality of life is decreased with an increasing level of obesity. The research has also revealed that the quality of health life of obese people is lower than those with normal weight. Obesity is also associated with a poor health status. It has also been found that obesity results in depression. One of the key mechanisms employed to measure obesity is the Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI is the index of weight for height. It is recognized as the most useful measurement for obesity. Individuals are considered to be obese when their BMI is 30 or more. Historically, obesity was considered only an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. However, the recent research has indicated that there are many factors involved in obesity. There are various genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors that result in obesity. The specific causes of obesity vary among individuals. According to Butland et al. (2007), ‘At the heart of obesity lies a homeostatic biological system that struggles to maintain energy balance to keep the body at a constant weight. This system is not well-adapted to a fast-changing world, where the pace of technological progress has outstripped human evolution’. The researchers now accept that the changes in external environment impact the tendency of individuals to gain or lose weight. Obesity is the accumulation of excess fat in the human body. This condition reduces life expectancy and increase the chance of developing life threatening diseases. One of the most important prevention activities for overcoming obesity is physical activities. The constant exercise could result in an

Child Abuse Essay Example for Free

Child Abuse Essay If you were placed in a position were your life was put into danger would you risk escaping? This question was asked by Jaycee Dugard everyday during her eighteen year being held captive. In her memoir A Stolen Life, Jaycee Dugard explains to us why she didnt try to run from her abductor Philip Garrido even though she was given so many chances to do so. In most situations it is very difficult for victims to escape their abusers control. In the past it was near impossible for victims of abduction to escape safely on their own. With the realization that We have seen a significent increase in the number of thru the means of strangers, family or friends (Amber Alert 1). It has been easier to help child abduction victims with systems like the Amber Alert system, yet it is still difficult for the victims to leave on their own. Abuse victims along with Dugard also struggle with gaining the strength to leave. Years after Dugard was rescued she says You must find your voice and not be afraid to speak up (Dugard 148). Something she regrets doing while being held captive. In the end the claim that victims of abuse should take more responsibility to escaoe their abusers control should be challenges because of the difficulty to escape their abusers control and to gain the strength to leave. Not only do child victims of abuse deal with the control of their abuser, but many adults deal with the same issue. Many women deal with the challenge of leaving their abusive partner, but fail because of the partner control and power they have over their victims. Many women find it difficult because they remain emotionally and economically dependent on their batterer (Domestic Violence 1). In most marital situations their is a cycle of abuse and the familys life becomes a cycle of violence. The man who was terrifying and intimidating turns into a remorseful, needy, and dependent man. The woman who was battered then will feel sorry for the man and recommit to him in a fantasized hope that the abuse wont happen again. But the cycle of abuse will begin again, often becoming worse (Domestic Violence 2). In order to escape this abuse the cycle must be broken. According to Blich, Stranger kidnapping victimizes more females then males, occurs primarily at outdoor locations, victimizes both teenagers and school-age children, is associated with sexual assaults in the case of girl victims (Blich 1). After being abducted children are usually brainwashed and manipulated, gaining the abductor even more control. This is what happened in Dugards situation. Philip Garrido, Dugards  abductor, told her that he was hurting her so he wouldnt have to hurt other little girls, thereby making Dugard feel that if she did try to leave it would be her fault for the pain he caused others (Dugard 158). In doing so Garrido gained complete control over Dugard. However strong you are most can agree that it is very difficult to leave somebody you are dependent on, yet it is necessary if you want to go on happily. Therefore th e claim that abuse victims should take more responsibility to escape their control is difficult for anyone. Many will argue that people who are abused should take more responsibility to to escape from their abuser. In some situations outsiders will argue that we should outsmart our abuser and learn from it making us stronger to leave. According to The Washington Post, They escaped these things not through the efforts of good samaritans, but through recognizing a bad situation and either getting away from it, avoiding it or screaming and kicking to draw attention (St. George 1). This proves that children are capable not responsible. Another argument is that the child who is being abducted should be able to help themselves and escape the situation. The child should do whatever is necessary to stay out of the car, because once the child is in that car, it dramatically reduces the chances of escape (St. George 2). This is a lot of responsibility put onto a young child. How do we expect an eight year-old girl to escape a potential abuser if many forty year-old women cant leave an abuser they have been with for years. During Dugards eighteen year abduction several visuals were taken to show the pain of her loved ones. It can be proven that many were concerned with her abduction. In the visual Missing published in The Telegraph (2009). We are shown both Dugards mother, Terry Probyn, and step-father, Carl Probyn, they look heartbroken and distressed. Some would argue that with how much Jaycee Dugard knew she was loved, she should of gained enough strength and motivation to escape and go back to living her everyday life. However she was unaware of this while being held captive. The argument that in domestic abuse options are available to leave or available to encourage victims to leave is true, yet difficult. Victims have the option of professional help and gaining awareness of the situation. With the cycle of abuse it is very hard to get to the point were you understand you need the help, then there is the struggle of actually going ahead and doing it. Regardless of the several arguments that people can challenge we have proof from specific  situations like Dugards along with more common issue like marital dispute that without finding overall strength and gaining the courage to escape the abuser control it is impossible to escape and go back to your normal life. Gaining strength is one of the most difficult things to do in life. One way we gain strength is having support and happiness. How do we gain strength if we dont have either? This faces millions of people daily who are in abusive relationships. They simply cant find the strength to leave. In Dugards memoir she says although she is unhappy she is too afraid of the risk of leaving and doesnt know how she would be able to take care of herself and her two daughters. One of the reasons I stayed was I wanted my kids to be safe. The outside was scary for me. I was so afraid that if i left or tried to leave and take them both with me I wouldnt be able to protect them (Dugard 276). Even her knowing the fact that if she were to escape successfully her daughters could have a much better life, yet if they werent successful they would have to continue living in hiding in the backyard of Garridos home. She didnt have enough strength to take the risk although the successful end results were so much better then her current situation. In abuse situations victims struggle with the same issue of strength. In between the cycle of abuse there is only a small gap between the man being violent and the women feeling remorseful and forgiving him. Where gaining the strength in between that small gap is difficult especially when it would need to be regained the next time the abuse restarts. Women also have other options. Most women have a supportive family or homes they can go to keep safe. But strength is key and difficult to obtain when one is constantly bringing you down. Although more options are available to leave, like hot-line cards in bathrooms for abuse victims or Dugard being taken into public with the option to run, we need strength to take them. Strength is a necessity to leave making the claim that abuse victims are responsible for leaving their abuser difficult to prove. In conclusion finding the courage to leave an abuser is an unthinkable challenge to those placed in that position. Without finding the strength and escaping the overwhelming control of the abuser its near impossible. As time goes on there becomes more options for abuse to happen or lead to abuse. One in five children ten to seventeen receive unwanted sexual solicitations online (Blich 1), which can lead to a more serious abuse. No matter how different the situations  are the abuse victims suffer through they can relate back to the same struggles. According to Jayvee Dugard after her long term abuse she refers to life today as A light that I thought had been extinguished was coming back to life (Dugard 238). While in the position of abuse its difficult to find the strength, but it can be gained again. The difficulty of escaping the abuser will also be difficult. It will remain difficult while recovering from the abuse. The claim that people should take more responsibility to escape their abusers? False.

Sole Traders, Partnerships and Limited Companies Comparison

Sole Traders, Partnerships and Limited Companies Comparison ADVANTAGES OF SOLE TRADERS: * Economical and easy to set up a new firm. Not much capital is required. * The sole trader has the total control over its firm. The owner has the, hand-on approach over its business; he doesnt need to consult with anyone. * The owner being the sole trader, keeps all the profit. * The business dealings are confidential, competitors cannot look into the accounts of the owner. DISADVANTAGES OF SOLE TRADERS: * Risk of indefinite liability. Incase of any debts, the owner is forced to sell its personal assets. * Sole traders find difficult to enjoy economics of scale. * Since the firms are small, banks will not lend them large sum of money and will be inefficient to use any other long-term finances. * Problem of continuity occurs, if the owner dies or retires. PARTNERSHIPS: a partnership is an agreement between two or more people to form a business. Profits and losses of a business are shared by each person who contributes money, assets, labour and skill. Example, doctors, dentists etc. ADVANTAGES OF PARTNERSHIPS: * It brings more flexibility as more people can contribute in the capital * Responsibilities are shared between the partners. It allows for specialization, where ones strength can complement anothers. * By introducing new partners, expanding becomes easier. * Reduction in risk of losing money, as costs can be shared among partners. DISADVANTAGES OF PARTNERSHIPS: * Dispute among the partners, can affect the decision-making process. * Partnership duration is always uncertain. * Partners are jointly and individually responsible for the debts of firm. * exploitation of resources can be raised among partners. LIMITED COMPANY: it is a legal entity. All limited companies are incorporated. They can sue or own their assets in their own right. (bbc.co.uk, 2009). It is owned by the shareholders. ADVANTAGES OF LIMITED COMPANY: * It provides limited liability to shareholders. The shareholders are not individually responsible for firms debts. * Despite of deaths, resignations, the company continues. * Name of the company is protected and has supple borrowing powers. * Management interests and obligations are defined. Shareholders and investors are easily assimilated. DISADVANTAGES OF LIMITED COMPANY: * Possibility of takeover or merger as shares can be bought by anyone. * Disputes between, shareholders and board of directors regarding the interests. * Increase in paper work and different rules. A budget is a dominant tool that helps a business to take better decisions. It is most efficient tool to direct the cashflows. A budget is planned to * Manage finances. * Assures continuity of funds for current commitments and for future projects. * Enables to make financial decisions. The basic budget factors that a business should consider are: * Projected cashflow: the cash budget tells about the future cash position on monthly basis. * Projected costs: this includes costs of production, sales and marketing costs, business administration and operation costs, fixed, variable and semi-variable costs. (entrepreneur, 2004) * Projected revenues: sales or revenues calculations are based on amalgamation of businesss sales history. Through this, business can also prepare projected profits for the next 12 months. * Collective profits and losses: each month, profit and losses are added, this total tell when the business will break even and begin earning a profit. (entrepreneur, 2004) TIM O NEIL, the founder of TT vision would also have considered the points mentioned above, when he started his business. KEY SOURCES OF FINANCES ARE: * Bank loans and mortgages: suitable for medium-sized firms. Banks can lend large sum of money for a long period of time. Rate of interest is attached to the loans. * Overdrafts: right to be able to withdraw money you do not presently have. Provides flexibility and interest is paid on the amount withdrawn. * Trade credit: it enables the firm to have access to flexible amount of funds for a short duration. High limits and interest are charged on the amount borrowed. * Venture capital: they are set-up to invest in developing countries. They offer capital to help businesses grow. * Lease: it means businesses are paying for the use of a product but do not own it. ( bized.co.uk, 2009) The Business idea can be cafà © shop can turn into a business proposition. The start-up finance for the business can be sourced out ones personal assets like money held in banks, home equity loan which is quick and inexpensive for borrowers. Finances can also be arranged through banks, credit cards to setup a franchise. Land can be hired through lease. BIBLIOGRAPHY (2009).Budgeting and business planning [Internet].Available from: [Last accessed 15 December 2009]. Tracy, B. (2004).Drafting Your Budget [Internet].Available from: [Last accessed 15 December 2009]. (2009). Sole traders and partnerships [Internet].Available from: [Last accessed 14 December 2009]. (2009).Advantages of a Limited Company [Internet].Available: [Last accessed 14 December 2009]. (2009).Public and Private Limited Companies [Internet].Available from: [Last accessed 14 December 2009]. (2009).sole trader [Internet].Available from: [Last accessed 14 December 2009]. (2009).sources of finance for business [Internet}.Available from: [Last accessed 17 December 2009].

Mid Day Meal Scheme in Maharashtra

Mid Day Meal Scheme in Maharashtra ABSTRACT: This paper represents the overview of National Program of Nutritional support to primary education known as Mid Day Meal Scheme in Maharashtra. The malnutrition was widespread in India and other developing countries. The under nutrition and over nutrition may cause due to various reasons. The various causes of malnutrition and its effects have explained previously in this paper. The paper mainly focuses on the background and implementation of Mid Day Meal Scheme, impacts or benefits or achievements of the scheme are discussed. The Mid Day Meal Scheme has initiated and employed in practice and have achieved the defined objectives such as improved the school performance, attendance of children in school and minimized the malnutrition problems to some extent. During the last 8-9 years the different activities have been carried out under this program throughout India. The progress of the program or scheme achieved at each year gradually by considering and solving the various problems rel ating to implementation of scheme. Keywords: Mid Day Meal Scheme, malnutrition, nutritional deficiency, impact. INTRODUCTION: The school performance of the children is indirectly affected by nutrition status. The undernourished children cannot concentrate on their studies and hence it holds the education process. The child with empty stomach deviate his concentration or attention to food instead of learning. So the Mid Day Meal Scheme has implemented to overcome the hunger to improve nutrition status of children as well as their learning process by offering sufficient nutritious food during school days. In India the problems like malnutrition, under nutrition increasing unacceptably high though India has made huge development in science, medicine and technology with economic growth and though it is second fastest growing country in the world. The malnutrition is a multidimensional complex issue and affected due to poverty, insufficient food consumption, unequal food distribution, gender inequality, poor environmental and sanitary facilities, lack of education and social services. Thus to mitigate the malnutrition problems the different schemes have implemented for the physical development of children, their nutrition status and socio- economic development. The different causes of malnutrition and its consequences may be analyzed in different perspectives. The Mid Day Meal scheme is implemented and used in practice to overcome the hunger of school children, widespread poverty, reduce social and gender inequity. STUDY REGION: The study area, Maharashtra is one of the agriculturally, economically developed state of India. It is the foci of economic, administrative and social activities of the south western part of India. The state is located in south western part of India between 15 Â °45’ to 22Â ° 00’ The North Latitudes and at 72Â ° 45’to 8Â ° 45’ East longitudes having 3, 07,713 sq km. area. The state is divided into 36 Districts also sub divided in to 6 Division. The geographical area of Maharashtra state is 308 Lakh hectares and its cultivable area is 225 Lakh hectares. Agriculture is the mainstay of the state of Maharashtra. It is the main occupation of the people. The major crops are Wheat, Millet, Maize and rice in Maharashtra. According to census of India, 2011 total population is 112,372,972 of which male and female are 58,361,397 and 54,011,575 respectively. The growth rate of Maharashtra is 9.29%. The density of Maharashtra is 365 for 1km2. The sex ratio is 946.The literacy rate in Maharashtra has seen upward trend and is 82.91 percent as per 2011 population census. Of that, male literacy stands at 89.82 percent while female literacy is at 75.48 percent. CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION: The Malnutrition causes may be multidimensional. Most of the literatures on nutrition indicate the problems of malnutrition in people, children caused due to poor quality, insufficient intake of food, disease, health problems, excessive illness etc. The millions of persons, both children and adult suffer from under nutrition due to inability to get sufficient good quality of food because of poverty in most of the developing countries. The price and demand of the food fluctuates periodically (continuously) based on availability and seasons. Due to seasonal fluctuations the food production rate may breakdown. So the food distribution may get unbalanced and the flow of income cuts down. This increases the risk of widespread famine. The famine occurred during 1974 in, China, Ethiopian and Nigeria about 30 million people were died due to famine in china. The cause of malnutrition is ignorance towards excessive diseases, illness, lack of knowledge, illiteracy, education about science, and nutrition is identified as one of the major cause of malnutrition. The inequality gender problems, inequality Socio- economical status are the causes of malnutrition due to unbalanced and unequal food distribution. The lack of knowledge about proper child care, disease management causes the malnutrition in children up to age of 0 to 6. Thus the cause of malnutrition is multidimensional based on social, economical, regional, physical, seasonal, political dimensions. IMPACTS OF MALNUTRITION: The most of the developing countries badly suffers from malnutrition problems in adult as well as in children. The effects of malnutrition destroy the economic growth of country ultimately. The insufficient, poor quality of food minimizes the consumption of various nutrition elements so that the nutrition deficiency problems arise in developing countries. The iron deficiency causes the mental retardation, anemia which reduces the school performance of the children. The deficiency of iodine causes the cretinism in majority of people. The reduced level of vitamin A in children suffers from eye and skin problems. The low weight or high weight causes under nutrition or over nutrition due to mineral and protein, energy inadequacy. Thus consistently deficiency of above nutrition may cause excessive diseases and illness in children and increases the inability to improve the school performance. These are the physical problems caused due to malnutrition. The malnutrition affects on the children learning and concentration capability so it decreases the attendance and enrollment in school and decreases the regular school performance: Such malnourished children are quick and frequent affects by several infections. Thus due to poverty the people unable to spent to overcome the disease and illness due to malnutrition leads to breakdown of economic growth of people, society and ultimately country. The children are the future citizen of our country so the malnutrition problems should be minimized at school age children level through nutrition and health education. BACKGROUND AND PROVISIONS OF MID DAY MEAL SCHEME: The Mid day Meal Scheme is initiated on 15 th August 1995 as a National Program of Nutritional support to Primary education. The Main aim of this scheme is to increase the attendance of children in school and improve their Physical and health, nutritional level by offering sufficient, good quality and nutritionally adequate meal per school working day. It was initiated in only 2408 blocks and in 2004. It has been revised most of the time and currently operating in all blocks of country to cover the children below age of 14 years. i.e. children in classes 1 to 5. Under this scheme various revised activities have been conducted throughout the country per year. And the implementation progress and problems of this scheme have been analyzed at National level with more vigor and enthusiasm. In 2004, the scheme was revised to supply cooked mid day meal for children in class I-V with.300 calories and 8-12 gm. of protein per day. In addition food grains should be provided per month to the children. In 2007, the scheme has revised and start to provide mid day meal for the children in class VI to VIII. The food nutrition norm should be given to the students by mid day meal scheme program as follows: This information was given by the Union Human Resource Development Minister, Smt. Smriti Irani in a written reply to the Rajya Sabha question (2014) The various cooked food should be provided derived from rice such as Idali Sambhar, Dal Rice Khichdi, Rice Kheer, Vegetable Rice, etc. as mid day meal suggested by School Education Department. Also biscuits, eggs or bananas should be given to the students once in a weak. The weakly mid day meal timetable should be prepared by school and followed regularly. The food quality control and regular monitoring of Mid Day Meal Scheme should be done effectively and Maharashtra has well established system for it. 4.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE MID DAY MEAL SCHEME: The provision of adequate nutritional meal free of cost to the school children on school working days is the main objective of the Mid Day Meal Scheme. The scheme was implemented with following objectives:- To mitigate hunger by providing hot cooked meal to the children in schools. To improve nutritional level of children To promote poor children to increase the attendance in school, to help them to improve concentration in classroom, to increase retention and fresh enrollment. To maintain social equality among the children. IMPACTS OF MID DAY MEAL SCHEME: The mitigation of hunger at school children is one of the important objectives of Mid Day Meal Scheme. The hunger was eliminated by providing the mi day meal to every student during school days so that the attendance of children in school, retention rate and fresh enrollment has increased in Maharashtra as compared to other states in India except Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The fresh enrollment number has continuously increased. The response of teachers in Maharashtra shows that the fresh enrollment has increased due to mid day meal about 75%. In Maharashtra near about 50% of sample schools have increased the student attendance in school and increased the awareness towards school and education. The rates also have been increased in Maharashtra about 66%. The mid day meal scheme has also decreased the malnutrition problems, starvation and hunger. This has increased the health status of children, increased physical level so increased the learning capability and concentration of children in school. Due to mid day meal scheme the problems of socio-economic inequity, gender inequity has decreased to some extent. Thus various researchers and organizations have conducted case studies and have reported the performance and impact of mid day meal scheme. The studies shows that the mid day meal scheme as National Program resulted in an increase in fresh enrollments, regular attendance of children in class and their learning capability with social and gender equity. SUGGESTIONS: The study has identified some scope for improvement of impact of mid day meal scheme and children health improvements. The schemes should be employed for employment for construction of kitchen sheds, safe drinking water provision, good and sufficient sanitary requirements, regular health checkup facilities, regular monitoring of schemes, regular reporting of scheme, updating the various provisions of schemes, guidelines and education regarding science, nutrition and health should be arranged regularly by government of India. For such various schemes funds from various committee and government should be electronically transfer in account of implementation authority so that the total fund should be available and used for scheme itself. CONCLUSION: This paper has provided an overview of National Program- Mid Day Meal Scheme of Maharashtra. The various causes and effects of malnutrition have explained. The mid day meal scheme is employing in practice regularly in Maharashtra. The mid day meal scheme has achieved the basic objectives like increased the children performance in school, attendance, retention and increased learning capability in students. The problems of malnutrition reduced to some extent. The mid day meal scheme and similar government scheme should be started and employed regularly to improve the physical growth of children and economic and social growth of country. REFERENCES: Anima Rani Si, Naresh Kumar Sharma (2008), An Empirical Study of the Mid-Day Meal Programme in Khurda, Orissa, Economic and Political weekly, pp. 46-55. Annual Report (2013-14), Department of School Education Literacy Department of Higher Education Ministry of Human Resource Development Government of India. Economic Survey of Maharashtra (2013-2014), Directorate of economics and statistics, planning department, government of Maharashtra, Mumbai. Jean Dreze, Aparajita Goyal (2003), Future of Mid-Day Meal Scheme, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. no-44, pp-4673-83. K. Vijayaraghavan (2002) ‘Beginning of School Meals Programmes in Different States’, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad. R.A. Bello, G.T. Ijaiya (1998): Socio -Economic causes of malnutrition and its impact on learning capability and productivity of school-age children, IJEM, vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 120-126. Reetika Khera (2013), Mid-Day Meals: Looking Ahead, Economic Political Weekly vol. no. 32, pp. 12-14. EPW ‘Sustainable nutrition security in India: A Leadership agenda for action’, the coalition for Sustainable Nutrition Security in India, May 2010.

Alcatraz Essay -- essays research papers

Alcatraz: United States Penitentiary 1934-1963 As a result of the Great Depression, a new breed of violent criminals swept the streets of America. In response to the cries of alarmed citizens, Congress enacted a number of statutes, which gave the federal government jurisdiction over certain criminal offenses previously held by the states. With the suggestion of former US Attorney General, Homes Cummings, Congress agreed that a special penal institution of maximum security and minimum privilege be established. In 1934, the legendary US Penitentiary of Alcatraz was born and became the home of Americas most wanted for the next thirty years. Once authorized by Congress, the US Department of Justice acquired control of Alcatraz Island, previously a US Army compound. As the island was redeveloped into a maximum-security prison, seven of its twelve acres were enclosed in a prison compound. The remaining five were set aside for employee residences, apartments, and recreational space. Soon after the redesigning of the old Army fortress, the Alcatraz prison was ready for the grand opening (or better said lockout!). Equipped with four different cellblocks, A, B, C and D, the Rock began its operations on January 2, 1934. Although cellblock A was seldom used, B, C and D provided 378 â€Å"cages† to accommodate the most notorious felons that America could produce. The first of four wardens to take charge of the penitentiary was a retired, professional administrator named James A. Johnston. ...

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome :: essays research papers

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is Fetal alcohol syndrome? Exposure to alcohol before birth can cause a variety of different problems. One of the most severe effects of drinking during pregnancy is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). FAS is known as one of the leading preventable causes of mental retardation and birth defects. If a woman drinks alcohol during her pregnancy the baby can be born with FAS, which is a lifelong, physically and mentally disabling condition. FAS is characterized by distinctly abnormal facial features, a growth problem, and central nervous system problems (brain problems). People who suffer from FAS may either have problems with learning, memory, attention span, communication with others, vision, and/or hearing. These problems often lead to trouble in school or social problems and getting along with others. FAS is a permanent condition is already born babies who have it. It affects every aspect of an individual’s life and the lives of the people around them. Howev er FAS is one hundred percent preventable if a woman does not drink alcohol while she is pregnant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people do not think that Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is common. This statistic however is widely varied. Studies show that FAS rates range from 0.2-1.5 per 1,000 births in different areas of the United States. I think that the odds of a child suffering from FAS is low because most mothers that have children are smart about their choices, if you know you’re having a child then you must give up the alcohol. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is only based on the mothers care of herself and if she chooses to endanger the life and well being of her children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many signs of which may be able to tell you if you or your child suffer from Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. They may have the following characteristics or exhibit the following behaviors; small in height or weight in comparison to others of the same age, abnormal facial features such as small eye openings, poor coordination, hyperactive behavior, learning disabilities, developmental disabilities (i.e., speech and language problems), mental retardation or low IQ, problems with daily living, poor reasoning and judgment skills, and sleep and sucking disturbances in infancy. Children with who suffer from FAS are also said to be at risk for psychiatric problems, criminal behavior, unemployment, and incomplete education. These are known as â€Å"secondary conditions† which are problems that children are not born with and may acquire throughout life but do not necessarily have to.

My Genome, Myself

Amy Harmon is living normal and healthy life with one child in preschool, I assume that she is living a pretty good and pleasant life, still Amy feels attracted to the idea of knowing about her genome and how her health Is evolving through out her life. Amy Harmon Is telling us about the breaking technology with DNA, how It can reveal our future, and tell us if we have any heart disease or cancer, this will let us know our destiny and make us stop the eventually evolving cancer tumor in our body.These kind of tests only cost about 1,000 $ and one simple salvia sample, and that's it, Amy tells us that he feels addicted after Just three weeks of daily communion with her genes, it has become a natural daily routine for her, as normal as brushing our teeth every night and morning, Amy checks her account on the site â€Å"anadem† the site Is the start up company that deals with DNA and our genomes. His Is also the site Amy uses on a daily basis, actually hours every day, Amy is not only using the site to check out dangers that may appear in the future, but also things like temperament and regular behavior, to check all these DNA strips is like looking under the skin and see the robbers you wont see with your bare eyes, that's why the DNA test attracts people from every corner of the world. But what would you do when or if a very rare heart disease appears In your system that is Incurable, or something you can't work your way through, Like a skin disease or eye-problems, cancer, aids or many other dangerous disease.This is something Amy Harmon has thought about, she wont let her daughter look at her DNA strips, this is because she is afraid to find something that Is incurable and life threatening. Amy Harmon uses a very difficult and adult engage in this article, it makes the content much more serious then If the article was written In a childish way, the difficult words makes us automatically think that this Is a serious case and therefore we don't doubt the case.Another thing that makes the reader interested in thing topic, is that Amy uses very personal examples instead of using examples from other peoples life, the article is suddenly very close to our own life, we can understand her issues and we can also understand her addiction to the secret of our body. Many of the risks associated with genetic testing involve the ethical, legal emotional, social, and consequences of the test results.The result can reveal a very ugly and grim discovery witch not all people can deal with, I thank many people will get storage Trot Walton Day Knolling all sorts AT things Insane you, in worst case it can end in suicide witch would be gruesome. And many people won't be able to provide the same amount of work if they knew they are carrying a deadly disease with them, this would be fatal for a society, the system would have to ay for all the people who got sick and needed medical treatment and by this I mean mental sick.

Ghent Altarpiece Reflection

The Ghent Altarpiece is considered by scholars to be one of the most ambitious and complex paintings of the 15th century. Its detailed panels convey its sacred matter with such realism that art historians mark It as the start of the Northern Renaissance. The altarpiece, also known as the â€Å"Adoration of the Lamb†, was begun in 1425 The exterior frame of the altarpiece Indicates It was started by painter Hubert van Eyck who died before he could finish, and then completed by his brother Jan van Eyck In 1432 The painting was then acquired by a wealthy patron Jodocus VIJd for placementIn the church of saint John, Ghent, Belgium. The work Is an excellent piece of study because the painting Is so complex. The panels display a variety of detailed scenes, but the center of the altarpiece Is Jesus Christ, the Virgin, and saint John the Baptist. And below them, a host of saints assembled around the lamb. The masterpiece consists of 24 panels of varying size and shapes aligned two rcv . . s so that the 12 panels are vlslble opened and then 12 panels are vlslble when the panel Is closed. Measuring 1 IXI teet and painted In oils the altarpiece can be lett open or closed.The pictures themselves are laid out in two tiers. Jan van Eyck used oil paint to create tiny vibrations ot light within the saturated colors most ot which are symbolic significant. The Ghent Altarpiece was commissioned by the wealthy businessman Jodocus Vijd tor his chapel and hence the creation ot the masterpiece. The altarpiece represented a â€Å"new conception of art', in which the idealization of the medieval tradition gave way to the observation of nature and a more exact representation of the human being. se live layout and alignment guides Click the image below and drag It around the page With Images that have text rapping, the text moves around the picture so you get a live preview of the new layout. Try to line the Image up with the top of this paragraph to see how the alignment guides c an help you position It on the page. Click the Layout Options button next to the Image to change how t interacts with the text Learn more at offlce. com 2. ollaborate In Simple Markup Vlew The new Simple Markup revlslon view presents a clean, uncomplicated view of your document, but you still see markers where changes and comments have been made. Click on the vertical bar on the left side ot the text to see changeslike this one. Or llcK tne comment Icon on tne rlgnt to cnecK out comments aoout tnls text. Learn more at office. com 3. Insert Online Pictures and Video Add and play online videos inside your Word documents.Add your pictures from online photo services without having to save them first to your computer. Click Insert ; Online Video to add a video to this document. 4. Enjoy the Read Use the new Read Mode for a beautiful, distraction-free reading experience. Click View ; Read Mode to check it out. While you're there, try double clicking on a picture to get a closer view. Clic k outside the image to return to reading. 5. Edit PDF content in Word Open PDFS and edit the content in Word. Edit paragraphs, lists, and tables Just like familiar Word documents.Take the content and make it look great. Download this helpful PDF from the Office site to try in Word or pick a PDF file on your computer. In Word, click File > Open and navigate to the PDF. Click Open to edit the content or read it more comfortably using the new Read Mode. Ready to get started? We hope you enjoy working in Word 2013! Sincerely, The Word Team Learn More Keep going. There are lots more new features and ways to work in Office. Check out our Getting started with Word 2013 page online to dive right in.

Ban Public Smoking And Save Lives

Public smoking is hazardous to health. It has already been identified by medical authorities as a major threat to public health, as a key contributor to preventable deaths anywhere in the world. It exposes non-smokers to second hand smoke (SHS), which is â€Å"a mixture of the smoke given off by the burning end of a cigarette, pipe or cigar and the smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers† and which has proven to be almost as dangerous as the cigarette smoke directly inhaled by smokers.In fact, it is believed that a nonsmoker who is closeted in a room with several smokers for an hour inhales dangerous chemicals equivalent to that contained in ten or more sticks of cigarette. (Cooper) [cigarette 2] Reports issued by the office of the Surgeon General declared that second hand smoke (or passive smoking), was considered a contributory factor in over 50,000 deaths every year during the early 1990s. [cigarette 5] On the other hand, LawsuitSearch.com [cigarette 6]stated that since it has already been clinically proven that people exposed to secondary smoke are prone to lung cancer, heart disease, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other related diseases, employers who force their workers to be exposed to second hand smoke are now valid respondents to lawsuits. Meanwhile, an estimate made in the United Kingdom of deaths attributable to second hand smoke in the workplace and at home for the year 2003, found out that a total 617 employees died at the workplace while 2726 people aged 20-64, and 7959 over-65 year olds died from exposure to second hand smoke at home.Fatal strokes and heart disease aggravated by passive smoking (second hand smoke) were identified as the culprits in over 3,000 of the cases. (Jamrozik) [cigarette 8] These data certainly strengthens the case against second hand smoke. Allowed freely in public places, it can really prove harmful to nonsmokers. Armed with a prevalence of clinical data gathered around the globe, countries the world over, in wha t appears to be a concerted effort to save mankind from diseases caused or aggravated by second hand smoke, have, one after another, enacted laws declaring smoking in public areas illegal.The government of the Greater Kashmir banned it as early as 2002, with the term public places encompassing public offices, educational institutions, hospital buildings, libraries, auditoriums, public conveyance including railways, and court buildings. (Tobacco. org. ) [public smoking 3] In France, Chrisafris (2006) reported that the public smoking ban which will take effect February 2007 will cover universities, railway stations, and offices, while nightclubs, cafes, restaurants and bars were told to be ready for the ban a year after.[public smoking 7] Meanwhile, the ban in Hongkong which took effect January 1, 2007, included all indoor places such as restaurants, public places, workplaces, karaoke lounges, and bars. (Washburn, 2007) [public smoking 8] Over in Canada, smoking in public places will be prohibited in Quebec effective February 1, 2007, and smoking in bars, restaurants, nightclubs and cafes will be banned starting January 1, 2008. (Greenaway, 2007) The evidence against the hazards of public smoking can no longer be ignored, and the rest of the world has already spoken: public smoking must be banned if we want a healthy citizenry.The United States should now stop patronizing the tobacco industry and enforce a total ban on all public places in the country, because people are already dying. Smokers may invoke their freedom to smoke as they wish: when, where, or in what manner. However, people have now decided that enough is enough; that individual freedom can only be exercised as far as it doesn’t curtail other people’s own freedoms. Their right to smoke, therefore, must never prejudice nonsmokers’ right to inhale smoke-free air and, therefore, add years to their lives.Given the number of deaths occurring each year in countries around the world, public smoking could even be considered an act of homicide through reckless imprudence! REFERENCES Chrisafis, A. (2006). France sets date for public smoking ban. Guardian Unlimited. (Retrieved from: http://www. guardian. co. uk/smoking/story/0,,1890866,00. html) Cooper, P. G. (2005). Hazards of Smoking. University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center. (Retrieved from: http://www. cancer. med. umich.edu/prevention/hazards_of_smoking. shtml) Greenaway, N. (2007). CanWest News Service. The Gazette. (Retrieved from: http://www. canada. com/montrealgazette/news/story. html? id=c414c2a9-9d63-4bae-9c28-a2543ac. 59025) Jamrozik, K. (2005). Estimate of deaths attributable to passive smoking among UK adults: Database analysis. BMJ. (Retrieved from: http://www. bmj. com/cgi/content/abridged/330/7495/812) LawsuitSearch. com. (2006). (Retrieved from: http://www. lawsuitsearch. com/product-liability/smoke-exposure.aspx) The Reports of the Surgeon General: Secondary Smoking, Individual Rights, and Public Space. (n. d. ). Profiles in Science. (Retrieved from: http://profiles. nlm. nih. gov/NN/Views/Exhibit/narrative/secndary. html) Tobacco. org. (2002) Public smoking banned. (Retrieved from: http://www. tobacco. org/news/89098. html) Washburn, D. (2007). Public smoking banned in HK†¦Mainland next? Shanghaiist. (Retrieved from: http://www. shanghiist. com/archives/2007/01/05/publicsmoking. php)

Investment of starhub

This report intends to highlight the current issues Startup faces and its impact on their earnings and share valuations. Tells industry in Singapore only has three players – Startup, Singlet and MI, thus, we would also look at Singlet and MI to aid in our analysis. In our report, we first use the SOOT analysis and Michael Porter's five forces to address Startup current issues as the issues identified would affect Startup future earnings. The majority of the threats that Startup faced is brought up by Singlet.Example, Singlet won the PL rights which results in a drop of subscribers for Cable TV for Startup. However, there are still opportunities to grow, from an example of reaping the benefits from the existing market. By using Michael Porter's five forces, we analyzed that the level of competitive rivalry for the industry is strong. The historical calculations reflect the current issues that Startup faced hence deriving with various estimated valuation of Startup's stock. The DuPont ROE approach gauges Startup's recent financial performance, in comparison with the other two operators.By putting all figures together, we saw that Startup ROE has always been the highest throughout the past few years in 2008 to 2012. Thus, we forecasted that Startup ROE will remain higher than its competitors. With application of various valuation models, we can examine the intrinsic value of Startup's share price and make assumptions and estimation. Thereafter, this value was compared with the current market price to determine if the share is worth investing in. After much computation, the intrinsic share price of Startup is higher than the market share price, thus, it was undervalued.Therefore, our group has decided to go forth with a SELL decision at the time of ululation. Contents 1 . About Startup Ltd 1. 1 . Company Background Startup Ltd, which started in year 2000, is the second operator in the Singapore telecommunications market. It is an info-communications company, providing a wide range of information, communications and entertainment services. Startup is a component stock of the Straits Times Index and the MASC.' Singapore Free Index. Startup drives a HASP+ mobile network to support its nationwide GSM network, and an LET network with connection speeds of up to Mbps.They also implement an island-wide HOFF network that carries multi-channel Cable TV services (including Internet TV, HDTV, and on-demand services) and high speed residential broadband services. They operate a widespread fixed network business too that provides voice, date and wholesale services. In addition, Startup tapped on Next Generation Nationwide Broadband Network to host advanced media-rich value-added services (Startup AAA). 2. SOOT Analysts on startup Ltd The comprehensive SOOT profile of Startup will provide the reader a detailed analysis of the organization's business structure and operations. 2. 1 . Strengths 2. . 1. First Mover Advantage Startup has a competitive adv antage over Singlet and MI with their cable television u to their first mover advantage into the Cable Television market. Being the first in the market allowed them to lock-in popular programs on exclusive contracts such as English Premier League (PL). Furthermore, Startup is the only cable TV that broadcast tennis channels, where subscribers are able to catch the entire top tennis events all year round. As long as having a Hub ID, subscribers can watch it on TV, or on laptops, tablets, and smartness via TV anywhere at Startup's website (Startup Bibb). . 1. 2. Products and Services Mobile Market Although Startup's market share standing is second in the mobile industry with 27. % in June 2012, their product offerings are very strong and competitive. Asinine News (2013) reported that Startup launched its High Definition (HAD) Voice technology in 4th March 2013. They are setting themselves apart because of its value added service in the 36 mobile network whereby the sound quality for l ocal voice calls will be significantly improved. This will encourage new customers to switch over and customer loyalty among the existing customers.This could lead to a revenue uplift of between 5-10%. Cable TV Market Startup monopolized in the Cable TV market between 2002 to 2007, until Singlet launched Minot in mid-2007. In order to stay competitive, Startup acquired many new channels. For instant, they acquired a new 24-hour Japanese entertainment channel in 2013 as there has been a lack of Japanese programmer on TV apart from Japan Hour (Straits Times Bibb). In order to tide itself from the loss of PL to Singlet, Startup's TV revenue still remain robust with other strong channels like BEEF Euro 2012.Statistics showed that ARPA increasing from $52 to $54 (Straits Times 2012). Startup is also the first to launch Lions as they see that there was much hype about local football after the Singapore national team won the last Suzuki Cup (Straits Times 20th). This shows that Startup is trying to increase the variety of channels offered and deciding what is to be shown on TV instead of allowing consumers to choose. 2. 2. Weaknesses 2. 2. 1 . Late-Mover Despite moving first into the cable television industry, Startup established itself much later than Singlet.Startup was incorporated on 1998 while Singlet on 1992. Therefore, Singlet already seized the biggest share of the pie and established a respectable name that is highly recognized by consumers. Where else Startup which is new to the consumers will require a longer time to infiltrate into the Tells market ND build up consumers' trust. In addition, Startup is a late-mover in LET rollover of G wireless data communications. Startup is expected to complete this project by the end of 2013. But by then, both competitors, MI & Singlet will already have nationwide LET coverage (Tells – Integrated Singapore, 2013).Singlet's fast and aggressive actions attribute to them being the Tells monopolist. 2. 2. 2. Global P resence Startup also have a smaller global presence as compared to Singlet who is the leading communications company in Asia. In the Superabundant Survey, Singlet ranks at no. 5 while Startup didn't even make it to the list. Being a global company also means that their bargaining power is higher and their geographic presence is stronger (Superabundant, 2012). Although Singlet's main market is concentrated in Singapore and Australia, they also have alliances situated in Indonesia, Belgium, India, Taiwan, Thailand, Philippines, and Honking.This means that Singlet will be less dependent on Singapore market due to their diversification as compared to Startup. 2. 3. Opportunities 2. 3. 1. Fiber Broadband Figure 2: Data taken from Business Monitor International 2012. Figure 3: Data taken from Business Monitor International 2012. The appeal of high- speed broadband services will lead to the decline of fixed line business and increase the use of value-added services such as Poop and PIPIT u sing the fiber line. The Next Generation Broadband Network based on FIFTH will deliver 1 Gaps speeds in 201 5 (Business Monitor International 2012).The growth momentum is expected to pick up in the next two years as operators persuade consumers to upgrade their existing broadband to the fiber technology. Towards the end of 2012, Startup's figures were made up of 439,000 residential broadband subscribers from 431,000 in June 2011. On he other hand, cable modem subscriptions declined from 696,000 in June 2011 to 655,000 in June 2012. This shows that there is a huge opportunity for Startup to reap from the Fiber Broadband Market. 2. 3. 2.Reap the Benefits from their Existing Market Figure 4: Data obtained from Singapore Telecommunications Report SQ 2012. Figure 5: Data obtained from GIGS 2012 Survey. As the Tells industry in Singapore is reaching saturation, the only way for Singlet, Startup and MI to grow is to increase the RAPID for each existing customer or to attract new customers from their competitors. Take for instance; there is an increase f only 0. 7% q-o-q and 4. 1% of y-o-y in Figure 4. The decelerating growth shows that the mobile sector is coming to saturation.Startup has to focus more on generating higher revenue from their existing subscriber base by migrating pre-paid subscribers to post-paid subscribers while sustaining the pre-paid subscriber growth by targeting foreign workers, low-income consumers and long-staying tourists with more attractive promotions. Also, Startup can gain more market share from their competitors as many Singapore are reported being unhappy with Singlet's customer service, reception and Minot slow start-up. MI's customers are also most dissatisfied as it was reported that their number of complaints increases every year from 6. % in 2010, to 9. 1% in 2011 and 16. 3% 2012 the GIGS 2012 survey. 2. 4. Threats 2. 4. 1 . Exclusive Rights to Sports Channel Figure 6: Pay TV dropped by 2% due to the loss of PL Rights. Taken from S tartup Annual Report 2012. Startup has a prevailing position in the Cable TV market due to a lack of competition for a couple of years. Thereafter, Startup's position was challenged by Singlet when they won the rights for PL from 2010-2013. Subsequently, Singlet won 89,000 subscribers in 2011 while Startup only added ,000 subscribers.Towards the end of June 2012, Singlet had 380,000 Minot subscribers while Startup had 543,000 subscribers (Business Monitor International 2012). The statistics will worsen the situation for Startup when it was announced that Singlet outbid Startup for the coveted rights of three more seasons of the English Premier League- 2013-2016. Singlet also aggressively acquired the rights for BEEF Europe League, BEEF Champions League, Series A, FAA Cup, and other prominent football tournaments. This will lead to Startup's customer base switching over to Singlet for sports channel. . 4. 2. Singlet Narrow It's Gap with Startup's Channel Besides losing the bid of PL to Singlet, Singlet's aggressive acquisition of content and customers will continue to erode Startup's market share in Cable TV. Singlet's Minot offerings have broadened significantly after it added 40 channels from Fox International Channels to its line-up on 1 Novo 12. With a new line-up of more than 130 channels, Singlet has substantially narrowed its gap with Startup (1 57 channels), diminishing Startup differentiation and dominance (Singapore Business Review 2013).Secondly, MIM TV service offers potentially slightly cheaper offer (10%) s compared to Startup because of the direct like-for-like cost analysis for both Tells company as a result of product bundling differential on content. If Singlet beef up channel varieties, aggressive sales tactics, and addresses the network quality problems on PIPIT, the gap between Singlet and Startup will narrow drastically. 2. 4. 3. Mobile Data Services Business Monitor International (2012) predicted that the mobile data usage is likely to in crease up to 25% or more of ARPA.This could be due to increasing investors for next generation technologies such as LET and HASP+, which would drive more emend for mobile data service. In response to the dramatic growth of the demand, operators would accelerate their investment in these technologies. Strategy Analytics (2011) forecasted that operators who invest early will see improvements in gross margins after 2014. As MI is the first Tells in South East Asia to launch a nationwide G LET network, it gained a competitive edge over the rest. For now, Singlet has 80% coverage in Singapore, and in early 2013, it will have 95% coverage (Singlet, 2013).Both MI and Singlet launched LET plans earlier than Startup which results in Startup lagging behind. Startup should accelerate their investment in the new generation LET and HASP+ infrastructure in order to prevent their subscribers from switching to other operators. 2. 4. 4. Sunset Industry Figure 7: Data obtained from Telecoms and Techn ology Industry Report in Singapore 2012. Figure 8: Data Obtained from Singapore Telecommunications Report SQ 2012. The fixed line business didn't experience much growth in the first two quarters of 2012 which is attributed to the operators' bundling strategy and consumers' preference of mobile and Poop.It is forecasted that in 2016, the AMONG could replace the fixed line arrive with Poop over fiber. As we can see from the market data above, the figure of telephone main lines has been forecasted to decline from 1. 407 in 2013 to 1,194 in 2016 while the mobile subscription is forecasted to rise from 8,648,000 in 2013 to 9,812,000 in 2016. Hence, Startup needs to offset this fading income (Business Monitor International 2012). In addition, there are lesser television viewers nowadays as they can download shows from the internet and they find that the free television programmer (Channel 5, Channel 8 etc) is sufficient.In the black market, there is also n illegal box whereby consumers ca n get all the channels for free. As Startup requires the installation of cable, so many people don't want to go through the hassle to pay for installation and ruin their existing outlook of their house. 2. 4. 5. Reallocation of Spectrum In 2012, there will be a proposed framework for the reallocation of spectrum for G telecommunication systems and service. With increasing spectrum available, it allows faster data transfer rates and provision of more innovative services (IDA, AAA). IDA will conduct a main auction that involves two bidding stages in 2013.The bid that Leeds the highest total value will earn the final assignment. Based on the bidding for PL, Singlet has been very aggressive because they have the spending power and ability to challenge Startup and MI head on. This would be a potential threat for Startup as if they are unable to win the bid; Singlet would have a larger quantity of spectrums thus withholding a better connection than the rest As a result, the subscribers fr om the other two operators might switch to Singlet as their prices are undifferentiated hence the only unique selling point is the quality of products (IDA, Bibb). . Porter's Five Forces Analysis . 1 . Competitive Rivalry The number of competitors will increase when new technologies are launched in this technologically complex market. They will compete for data intensive and high speed internet connection, hence heightening rivalry in the market (Industry Profile 2010). All three operators have three different markets to compete in such as Mobile, Broadband and Cable TV hence they can diversify their revenue sources. However, these services offered by the operators are fairly similar and this worsens the rivalry.Besides the three existing operators, Singapore also saw new players such as Supernatant and LAG Telecoms and Imperceptibly. Overall, rivalry in this market can be evaluated as strong. 3. 2. Threat of New Entry Figure 9: Data obtained from Business Monitor International â₠¬â€œ ‘Singapore Telecommunications Report SQ 2012'. Potential entrants will be enticed by the dynamic market growth of Mobile, Broadband and Cable TV market. However, they will find it tough to compete with these established companies- Singlet, Startup and MI due to price competitions.New operators without their own structure can buy entrance to the Tells market thus save the capital required to enter the market (Industry Profile 2010). Unfortunately, Singapore popular response for higher bandwidth might infer that the player needs to spend more to invest in the infrastructure for future growth. The saturated market indicates that the new entrants have to attract the customers away from their existing subscriber instead of targeting a new customer segment (Industry Profile 2012).If Startup wants to grow their market share, they need to create more value-added services such as High- definition video chat, Mobile TV. New entrants need to differentiate themselves from the existin g players with more attractive promotion plans, higher bandwidth or faster upload-download time. Take for instance, Imperceptibly enticed subscribers by promising not to bind the first 100,000 subscribers with contracts. By 2013, Imperceptibly boosted 17% market share of the fiber broadband consumer market within one year (Yahoo News 2013). Overall, threat of new entry in this market can be evaluated as strong. . 3. Buyer Power The key buyers are end-users. In this market, buyers have fairly low switching costs and are determined by the time needed to break the existing contract and switch to a competitor's contract or with a cancellation penalty. Buyer power is strengthened, especially since full mobile number portability (NP) was launched in June 2008 (Industry Profile 2010). Brand reputation may play a part in switching operators, but ultimately the price is a bigger consideration for buyers along with factors such as the quality of connection, speed of access and existing bundli ng benefits.Buyer power is weakened again due to the variety of potential customers available- individual customers, business corporations, foreign workers. With only three operators in the Tells industry, this translates into weak bargaining power of the errs as they do not have more choices to choose from. Moreover, in the broadband market, internet access is highly important for normal consumers and especially vital for business consumers. Overall, buyer power is measured as moderate in the Tells market. 3. 4. Supplier Power The key suppliers are manufacturers of software, hardware and network owners with substantial negotiating power.This market is characterized by strong supplier power because of the high cost of switching as exiting a contract prematurely can be challenging (Industry Profile 2012). If the operator own and operate their own hysterical network then their suppliers would be manufacturers of software and hardware such as Cisco Systems. If the operator does not pos sess the network and acquire wholesale access to the infrastructure thereafter offering it to the end- parties, then the key suppliers would be the network owners. Take for instance, Startup purchased Fiber broadband from Opponent or Startup's PL channel rights from PL itself.Network manufacturers are not completely dependent on the Tells Operators' market for their revenues as it's by contractual rights (Industry Profile 2010). Generally, supplier power is evaluated as strong. 3. . Threat of Substitute Substitutes to this market are virtually non-existent because there isn't any strong threat to Internet as a whole. The internet itself is a substitute for various services and products- egg, brick-and-mortar store to online stores. Overall, the strong market growth prevents any potential rivalry hence the low threat of substitution.